What are orthopedic procedures?

Orthopedic procedures are medical interventions to treat musculoskeletal conditions. They range from non-surgical treatments like physical therapy and injections to surgical procedures such as joint replacement, arthroscopy, and fracture repair.

When is orthopedic surgery recommended?

Orthopedic surgery is typically recommended when conservative treatments (physical therapy, medications, injections) have not provided adequate relief. The decision depends on the specific condition, its severity, and the patient's overall health and goals.

What is the difference between arthroscopic and open surgery?

Arthroscopic surgery is minimally invasive, using small incisions and a camera to visualize and treat joint problems. Open surgery requires larger incisions for direct access. Arthroscopy typically results in less pain and faster recovery, but not all conditions can be treated this way.

Orthopedic Procedures & Treatments

Orthopedic treatment encompasses a broad spectrum of interventions, ranging from conservative non-surgical approaches to complex surgical procedures. The goal of treatment is to relieve pain, restore function, and improve quality of life.

Browse Procedures by Body Region

Shoulder

Hip

Knee

Lumbar Spine

Cervical Spine

Ankle & Foot

Hand & Wrist

Elbow

Fracture Treatment

Injection & Non-Surgical Treatments

Rehabilitation

Physical Therapy

Non-Surgical Treatments

Many orthopedic conditions can be effectively managed without surgery. Non-surgical approaches are often the first line of treatment and may include:

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy involves exercises and techniques designed to strengthen muscles, improve flexibility, and restore range of motion. A physical therapist can develop a customized program based on the specific condition and individual needs.

Medications

Various medications may be used to manage pain and inflammation. These can include over-the-counter pain relievers, anti-inflammatory medications, and in some cases, prescription medications. The appropriate medication depends on the specific condition and individual factors.

Injections

Injectable treatments such as corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid may be used to reduce inflammation and provide pain relief in specific joints or areas. These are typically administered by a healthcare provider and may provide temporary or longer-lasting relief.

Bracing and Orthotics

Braces, splints, and orthotic devices can provide support, reduce stress on affected areas, and help maintain proper alignment. These devices may be used temporarily during healing or as longer-term supportive measures.

Surgical Treatments

When non-surgical treatments are insufficient, surgical intervention may be recommended. Modern orthopedic surgery encompasses a variety of approaches:

Arthroscopy

Arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive technique that uses a small camera and specialized instruments inserted through small incisions. This approach is commonly used for joint procedures and typically results in less tissue damage and faster recovery compared to open surgery.

Joint Replacement

Joint replacement surgery involves removing damaged portions of a joint and replacing them with artificial components. Total hip replacement and total knee replacement are among the most common orthopedic procedures performed today, helping restore mobility and relieve pain in patients with severe joint disease.

Fracture Repair

Surgical treatment of fractures may involve the use of plates, screws, rods, or other hardware to stabilize bones and promote proper healing. The specific approach depends on the type and location of the fracture.

Spinal Surgery

Surgical procedures on the spine may be performed to address conditions such as herniated discs, spinal stenosis, or spinal instability. These can range from minimally invasive decompressions to more extensive fusion procedures.

Non-Surgical vs. Surgical Treatment Comparison

Understanding the differences between treatment approaches can help inform discussions with your healthcare provider:

Comparison of non-surgical and surgical treatment approaches
Factor	Non-Surgical	Surgical
Typical Recovery	Days to weeks	Weeks to months
Invasiveness	Non-invasive or minimally invasive	Requires incisions and anesthesia
Risk Level	Generally lower risk	Includes surgical risks (infection, bleeding, etc.)
Best For	Early-stage conditions, mild to moderate symptoms	Severe damage, failed conservative treatment
Examples	Physical therapy, injections, bracing, medications	Joint replacement, arthroscopy, fracture repair
Repeat Treatment	Often repeatable as needed	May be limited by previous procedures

Treatment Decision-Making

The choice of treatment depends on many factors, including the specific condition, its severity, the patient's overall health, activity level, and personal preferences. Treatment decisions should be made in consultation with a qualified healthcare provider.

In many cases, a stepwise approach is taken, starting with conservative treatments and progressing to more invasive options only if necessary. The goal is always to achieve the best possible outcome with the least intervention required.